History Of Pituitary Surgery In Africa: Advancements And Challenges

Abstract

Background: Tumours of the sellar region account for 10-15% of intracranial neoplasms; these are mostly composed of pituitary adenomas. Despite the progress made in surgical techniques, the provision of comprehensive pituitary surgery in African countries remains a challenge due to factors such as limited infrastructure and specialised care. Objectives: To examine the historical developments, evolution, and outcomes of pituitary surgery in Africa, including the techniques, advancements, barriers, and surgical and patient outcomes. Methods: A literature review was conducted to identify relevant studies on pituitary surgery in Africa. Included were studies that detailed surgical techniques, outcomes, and obstacles faced in the region. The databases examined comprised Google Scholar, PubMed, EBSCO, and Scopus. Results: The analysis revealed a historical evolution of pituitary surgery in Africa, commencing with transcranial and transsphenoidal techniques. The emergence of endoscopic methods, improved diagnostic imaging, and progress in medical technology constituted major advancements of the 20th century. Nonetheless, many African countries persist in facing challenges, such as insufficient infrastructure, a deficient healthcare workforce, and limited access to specialized care. Conclusion: Despite the advancements that have been made in pituitary surgery in Africa, there are still substantial obstacles to ensuring that all individuals have access to high-quality treatment. It is imperative to address these challenges by increasing investment in healthcare infrastructure, training neurosurgeons, and enhancing access to diagnostic technologies in order to enhance the outcomes of patients with pituitary tumors in the region.