Brain Abscesses In Paediatric Patients At Kenyatta National Hospital: Pattern Of Presentation, Treatment And Short-Term Outcomes.

Abstract

Background: Paediatric brain abscesses are serious due to their high morbidity and mortality rates. There is no universally accepted management approach, leading to variability across institutions.Study Objective: The study aimed to analyse the clinical presentation, management, and short-term outcomes of brain abscesses in children at Kenyatta National Hospital. Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study took place from January 2023 to May 2024, involving patients under 17 years who met the inclusion criteria. Results: The study included 25 patients, with a mean age of 8.73 years and a slight male predominance (52%). The most common symptom was convulsions (20%). A high percentage of sterile cultures (77.8%) was noted, with Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli as the primary pathogens. Broad-spectrum antibiotics, including ceftriaxone, metronidazole, and vancomycin, were frequently used. Phenytoin was the most common antiepileptic drug for convulsions (41.67%). Radiologically, abscesses were most common in the frontal (44%) and parietal lobes (28%). Craniotomy for drainage was the primary treatment (85%), with 75% of patients achieving a favourable outcome. Conclusions: The small sample size highlights the need for larger studies with extended follow-up. Early diagnosis, prompt treatment, and tailored care are vital. More research is required to enhance diagnostic and treatment strategies, particularly in resource-limited settings.